Beginners Guide To Car Bodywork Restoration - Torque

By Mario Goldstein

Torque spec comes into play after a fastener has been chosen. Bolt torquing is very important. When you thread and tighten a bolt the melt stretches a little, but the metal doesn?t want to be stretched so it resists the stretches and this is where you get the holding power from. This is why when you over tighten it can?t hold the load because it can?t return to its normal shape. Further to this in time the bolt continues to stretch and will end up snapping.

Torque-to-Yield Bolts

A torque to yield fastener is a one-time use that is based on this torque principal we just talked about. The torque spec usually have a 25% safety feature giving you a 25 per cent over tightening leniency. The torque to yield bolts don?t have this safety buffer. They are not meant to stretch the metal. This may sound like a disadvantage but it?s not really. They are extremely strong as they afford the whole 100% of their strength whereas the basic bolt only gives you about 75%.The one disadvantage they do have though is they can only be used once. So if you remove them you have to replace them with a TTY (torque to yield) bold. You are going to end up with 25% less strength with the basic fastener.

The TTY are used in many cases so it?s important for the technician to be aware of this during the estimation process of the procedure.

Tightening Sequence A tightening sequence can also be specified in conjunction with torque specs. A crises cross pattern is use to install wheels and now some installation patterns are being suggested for body panel fasteners. There is a certain amount of expanding and contracting during temperature fluctuations with composite panels. This means the fasteners have to adjust to these changes and must be designed to allow for this.

Shop Tips Whenever possible replace the fastener with the same type as the one your remove. Check the manual however to ensure it is the correct part and you are doing the proper procedure. Every part is specific because there is a reason for it.

Keeping track of what you are removing is important and time saving so tossing them in a pile is not the answer. Just use some small plastic bags, put them in and then mark what they are on the outside of the bag.

If you do not have a manual, you can ask a dealership to show you their service manual.

Use all the parts that come with your replacement parts.

If you are not sure about the label, compare height, thread pitch and diameter to the new piece and this will help you choose the right replacement fastener.

Make sure to use coated materials to prevent corrosion. A classic example of making this mistake is using a non-coated steel boat with an aluminum panel. If the coated items you require are not available then use a plastic or fiber gasket, a washer or even a layer of paint to produce a barrier between the materials. - 21396

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Learn The Easy Way To Polish and Buff Car Bodywork

By Mario Goldstein

There are terms like convex, concave and waffle. These are terms used in the business of polishing and buffing in the auto repair shop. To most people, polishing and buffing the car is something that they do on the weekend, but in the professional world, this function takes on a much different meaning because there are so many factors to consider in creating ?the perfect finish?, and they require a great deal of training, more than you?d think.

The polishing shop technician has a very important job. For instance, in order to get a good finish that really shines, it is necessary to deceive the eye. This is why a good technician will never use a concentric polisher, because they move in perfect circles. An eccentric polisher is one that moves off center. It has two functions, one is to distribute the compound evenly, by pushing it into the center ? this allows the compound even distribution, and it also prevents splattering of the compound and two, it confuses the eye so that the eye doesn?t see any light reflected in the lines left by a conventional concentric polisher.

As far as the tools used to get that perfect finish, there is some disagreement among technicians as to what to use, the standard wool or the newer foam buffing pads. Most quality paint manufacturers have good tips on the right way to buff and polish, and you can find them on the net.

The technicians who prefer wool say that it gives the best finish, whereas the technicians who prefer the foam pads claim that they like them because they don?t leave bits behind after they go. Although foam pads are new, they are evolving like anything that is new. A recent test was done with technicians who preferred wool, and several of those technicians said they preferred the newer foam to their old wool pads. Sometimes, a technician can be attached to their way of doing things and they will say that they like their way but they have never tried anything new in years.

They will say things like the pads they tried won?t remove wet or dry sand scratches from the panel, and they had to go back to wool to finish the job, but, as I mentioned earlier, old ways die-hard. So they don?t like to try new products, like the newer pads that are specially designed to be more like the wool pads, but without the drawbacks.

The three main types of newer foam polish pads are convex, concave and waffle and these types of pads are designed to create a compound pocket that guides the compound toward the center of the pad and not to the outside so it won?t splatter. Each of the convex, concave, or waffle pads have their own highly specialized function, but the main goal in all of this is the brilliant finish achieved by the illusion that the eye sees - 21396

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Credit Cards

By Bob Jones

The commencement of the electronic age made almost everything more possible. Diagnosing and curing previously deadly illnesses became widespread; travelling to uncharted territories became a possibility and above of all, people's everyday lives was made easier by technology. We now have more convenient stores, more comfortable means of transportation and a range of labour-saving gadgets that makes work and pleasure almost effortless.

With regard to the technology of finance, an efficient banking system and efficient services have given people better alternatives and options with which to manage their finances. Among the so many financial management schemes that emerged, one stands out above the rest - the credit card.

Credit cards, especially to working people and those who live very busy lives, have become the ultimate financial saviour. More than just being a status symbol or an accoutrement to expensive purses and wallets, credit cards have revolutionized the way people spend their money.

However, apart from the glamour and the convenience that credit cards bring, there is a lot more to these bank cards than most people could ever imagine.

Credit Card 101: Before entering into the long list of the advantages and disadvantages of having a credit card, it is quite important for people to understand exactly what a credit card is, in order for them to maximize its potential.

In simple terms, a credit card is something that allows a person to make purchases up to the limit set by the bank. One must then to pay off the balance in installments with interest. Usually, credit card payments are monthly and range from the minimum amount set by the bank to the entire outstanding balance. And since it is a form of business, the longer the credit card holder waits to pay off his or her entire balance, the more interest is due.

Since having a credit card is a responsibility, only those people who are of legal age and have the ability to pay off the amount they are going to spend through their credit card, is allowed to have one. Actually, most of the adults in the U.S. use credit cards on a regular basis, because it is so convenient compared with using cash or checks every time they want to buy something.

It is just as important to be cognizant of the various types of credit cards before you begin to build up credit card balances in order to avoid having huge debt. Since credit cards are indispensable to most of their users, it is a must that they understand the sorts of card that include charge cards, bankcards, retail cards, gold cards and secured cards. All of these types of cards come with one or two interest rate options: fixed and variable rates.

If you decide to take a fixed-rate credit card, the interest rate stays the same, compared with variable rate cards where the rate is subject to vary depending on the credit card issuer's discretion. Fixed-rate cards usually carry higher interest rates.

Basically, credit card issuers offer three types of accounts with basic account agreements like the 'revolving agreement' also called the 'Typical Credit Card Account' which allows the user to pay either in full monthly or prefer to have partial payments based on the outstanding balance.

While the Charge Agreement requires the payer to pay the full balance every month so they won't have to pay any interest charges. The Installment Agreement, on the other hand, asks the payer to sign a contract to repay a fixed amount of credit in equal payments over definite periods of time.

Another category of credit card account includes the individual and joint accounts where the former asks the individual alone to repay the debt while the latter requires the partners to pay.

Now that you have an idea of how many kinds of credit cards there are, it is time to review your goals before applying for one. Some of the things you should think about is how you will use the credit card. If you plan to carry a balance at the end of the month, how much are you willing to pay in annual fees, if you have a strong credit history and if your credit in need of repair.

Once you have some idea of what you are looking for, select the right credit card for you by looking for the information you need. You can also check the credit cards you've researched and make a comparison.

Shopping for a credit card? Regardless of the type of credit card you choose, be sure to discuss your specific financial requirements with your financial advisor or accountant before applying for any credit card. It is a must that you understand the benefits of having a credit card like safety, valuable consumer protections under the law, and the accessibility and availability of services.

Although having a credit card is perceived as being synonymous with financial security, this can also trigger a person's thirst for material things and may lead to the temptation to buy something they don't really need. A credit card holder should always bear in mind that having a credit card is a big responsibility. If they don't use it carefully, these may owe more than they can repay. It can also damage their credit status report, and create credit repair problems that are quite difficult to put right. - 21396

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If you are thinking about changing or getting a Credit Cards, have a look at the free advice on our web site on using Credit Cards wisely.

2005 GMC Denali Vs 2009 GMC Denali

By John Smith

The GMC has released their latest version of the 2005 GMC Denali, a GMC's version of the General Motors SUVs along with Chevrolet and Cardillac nameplates! The 2009 GMC Denali, this model gives you an aura of confidence on the road because of its looks. It has a muscular form and wide firmly planted stance. It also gives an aggressive and performance-oriented appearance because of its minimal overhangs, large wheels, sleek headlamps and low roof profile.

The 2005 GMC Denali has a torque of 370 lb/ft. With its V8 engine, it is capable of 325 horsepower. The disadvantage of this kind of power is that it can go around the city at only 12 mpg and around the highway at 16 mpg.

But with the 2009 Denali, General Motor's has combined two-mode hybrid system with the E-85 ethanol capable engine. Giving this car a new and a more fuel-efficient 4.9L SIDI engine with Active Fuel Management powers with an estimated horsepower of 326. This car also uses an 85% ethanol and 15% gas fuel.

Unlike the 2005 model which uses the GM's quadrasteer 4-wheel steering. A design that reduces turning cycle at low speeds and enhances stability at higher speeds and during towing. The 2009 GMC Denali uses a 4-link suspension design for its steering wheel. A design that uses coil over shocks and has a decoupled stabilizer bar that enhances cowering control. This design can also lessen body roll and maximize longitudinal compliance. Allowing this car to haul cargo on twisting roads.

2009 Denali not only has a good payload capacity of 1,100 pounds but also a good towing capacity of 3,500 pounds. And unlike most conventional-body on frame trucks, it has a greater stiffness. It can support a very capable truck platform because of its concept of unibody structure makes it possible for a mounting point for a 4-wheel independent suspension giving the vehicle its performance feel anywhere on the road.

Seating capacity of the 2005 Denali is up to nine persons with 3-rows of seats, and this is optional. The third row folds, flips, slides or can be easily removed to suit your needs. The second row bucket seats offers excellent support and can be adjusted individually, while the 2009 car has two rows of seats. However, the midgate can be opened and second row seats folded if you need to carry something longer in the bed like skis or surfboards.

It is up to you to choose, a 2005 Denali that looks like a Tahoe or the latest 2009 GMC Denali, a hybrid between a suburban and a pick-up at the back! - 21396

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Want to know the difference between the 2005 yukon denali and the 2009 yukon denali? Youd better check out this site, 2005gmcdenali.com to get the latest on the 2005 gmc yukon denali.

Modern Motor Scooter Origins and Technology

By Mike Scott

Motor scooters are essentially the small vehicles with small wheels and a low-powered gasoline engine mounted towards the rear of the vehicle. Towards the end of the 19th century and the advent of the 20th, technology was emerging which made it possible to create motorized scooters. But the early versions were still powered by human strength.

The scooter technology can be attributed to a company in Shanghai where a gentleman by the name of Gino started working on the technology. He did this in response to the long commute hours which he found hinself engaged in. It took him over 5 years to perfect the engineering..

The motivation behind this invention was the long distances which Gino Tsai claims to have traversed every single day. These trips were actually made to the Razor motor factory where he worked as a mechanical engineer.

You can imagine the impact that the new design had especially in a country which was just then entering the Industrial Age with millions workers needing to get to and from work. The scooter sparked such interest that Gino reported being inundated with orders to the extent that he was backed up for months!

There were a few reasons why the motor scooter was popular at its onset. One reason is that it is lightweight. The scooter, especially the Razor, was made out of aluminum which has been known to be very versatile. That is why it is used in the manufacture of airplanes. This meant that the scooter could be operated by anyone regardless of their strength.

The scooter was also attractive and convenient. This was because it was patterned after a bicycle which people were already familiar with. It had small wheels and could be easily cranked up by means of a "clutch" on the side of the scooter. The engine was also smaller as compared to other motorcycles which allowed for easier maintenance.

There are many different types of scooters today. Some are gas powered and others electric powered. These serve different purposes as well because they are very versatile. Because of their motorcycle-like pattern, they are popular even though they have smaller wheels. Their engines are also, lower-powered engines unlike the motorcycle.

One of the most common type of scooter is the version that can be folded. These need not possess an engine and have only two-wheeled models. They are therefore used for traveling short distances. Their mechanism is also easy to decipher with the process of braking being located on the rear fender. Young adults and also children are especially fond of this type mostly because it is sleek, fun, cheap and easy to store.

Then there is the electric scooter which uses a battery-powered engine. This is usually heavier and larger. They are also known to consume more power. Their popularity stems from the fact that they are automated although the folding scooters have been known to travel longer distances. The electric cooker can go distances of between 10 or 15 before the need to recharge the battery. - 21396

About the Author:

Author is writer and regular contributor to Motor Scooter Guide, a website with resources and information to help you find the right Honda Scooter.